Murmansk is the largest Russian seaport on the Arctic Ocean. It remains ice-free year round as the warm waters of the North Atlantic Drift reach this part of the Russian Arctic. The development of the city began in this century. Before that, the Kola Peninsula was inhabited only by the Skolt Lapps and a few Russian settlers. The main sources of livlihood are fishing, shipping and the navy. The Arctic nature of the peninsula is unique - thousands of lakes, the polar day in summer and the polar night in winter.
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