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Global Warming Facts to Know
Ice age that follows warming
advanced science new discovery
cycles and useful knowledgeClick here please|
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| Global Warming,Water Vapor, and CO2, |
| How The Warming Earth CAUSES Greenhouse Gases |
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| The Effect - or really lack of effect - of CO2 on Climate. J H L Lawler 1999 De bunking the global warming - CO2 political science. In examination of the Greenhouse effect, a chain of cause - effect relationships have been discovered that negates and contradicts most of the present politically sponsored belief about global warming. In fact it negates almost all human intervention on climate and makes climate change simply a matter of solar physics. There is a close match between change in global temperature and the change in Carbon Dioxide (CO2) content of the atmosphere. This has been misinterpreted to mean that CO2 controls the global temperature by greenhouse effect. But upon closer examination, the temperature changes always PRECEDED the CO2 changes. This was true for short term in the last 200 years for which we have direct atmospheric composition data and temperature measurements, and it is true in the longer paleo-record going back 65 million years and more using indirect inferred temperature and composition data. Thus global Temperature controls CO2 level, not the other way about, and a change in temperature is causative to the effect of a change in CO2. There is a clear mechanism for this. Earth is largely a water world, being more than 3/4 water on the total surface. Liquids have an inverse solubility with respect to temperature for gasses. As a liquid is heated it dissolves less gas. As a liquid such as water is cooled it will dissolve more gas and this is specifically true for CO2. Thus as the oceans heat up they reject CO2 to the atmosphere and as they cool they adsorb CO2. The largest reservoir for CO2 by far are the oceans, and the quantity of CO2 in the atmosphere now 360 ppm (historically less than 300 ppm or 0.3%) is far less than the quantity in the oceans. Let us compare these two. According to CRC handbook (page 14-9 in 74th ed)(or McMurray Fay Chemistry Text p 561) there is 28 mg /L of carbon or 0.144 g/ L in the form of (HCO3-) carbonate in sea water. Again taking one cm square surface of the ocean/atmosphere boundary, there is a pressure of 76 cm of mercury on that cm sq and at 13.6 gm/cc that means that there is 1034 gms of air and at 360 ppm that is 0.37 gms of CO2 in the air. This is versus a column of water on the average 2 Km deep (this is a mixing depth) , or 200,000 gms of water and that is 200 liters(or Kg)/cm sq or 29 gms of CO2 (50 gms of sodium carbonate). That is a CO2 ratio of 78 to 1, i.e. in the 1.26 exp 14 cubic meters of ocean there is a titanic quantity of carbon dioxide stored. The oceans have about two orders of magnitude more CO2 than the air with seventy eight times more releasable CO2 - and the oceans thus by far dominate the atmosphere. Repeating what has already been stated for emphasis; sea water has a reverse solubility of gas to a change in temperature. As the oceans heat up the CO2 is less soluble and it is rejected to the atmosphere. As the ocean cool the CO2 is more soluble and it is adsorbed from the atmosphere. Water vapor has an observable major greenhouse effect which is far larger than the CO2 effect. There are two main Infra-red adsorption bands of water. One totally covers one of the bands for CO2, and the other is far larger partially matching that for CO2. CO2 makes up 360 ppm of the atmosphere while water vapor varies but is about 1% on the average, or 10,000 ppm. Thus water vapor is some 27 times more abundant than CO2. With the IR bands being larger the total water greenhouse effect is roughly 52 times that of CO2. We clearly have observed this. The day night temperature difference in dry desert conditions may vary up to 40 °C. The Gobi desert in China or the Sahara in Africa or Alto Plano in Peru vary from excessively hot (50 C) in the day to below freezing at night. The more humid areas such as coastal cities rarely vary more than about 5-6 °C. Water vapor, and particularly cloud cover, has a very strong "greenhouse" effect. CO2 on the other hand has about 52 times less effect, 27 from concentration and a factor of 2 from the IR band width. Thus CO2 is NOT quantitatively significant compared to water vapor and even less important when compared to the effect of clouds. What this means is that we are again wasting our time worrying about CO2 , because first of all water vapor is 50 times more of a greenhouse gas, and secondly, its the natural present warming cycle that is causing CO2 to be released by the oceans, and Humankind has virtually nothing to do with having caused this normal turn of events. This is important for the Press and Political leaders to know. Most of the top decision makers of the World, and their advisors, need to find out that the above statements are true and actually very logical. The truth is not that hard to discover.We believe that anyone willing to study this subject will find that the popular conceptions regarding global warming are not only wrong but are also counter productive. Please spread the word. Many Thanks...and please dont forget to read the other pages . |
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